On Canadian Ground - Stories of Footwear in Early Canada See more of the Virtual Museum of Canada
ExhibitionMemorable Shoes

KAMIKS OF THE INUIT
HUNTING SEAL & CARIBOU
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING OF SEAL SKIN & CARIBOU SKIN
PROTECTIVE LAYERS OF FOOTWEAR
MAKING KAMIKS
PATTERNS & STYLES
DECORATING KAMIKS
SEWING & DECORATING TECHNIQUES
MOCCASINS OF THE FIRST NATIONS
CHANGING STYLES - THE ROLE OF TRADE & VOYAGEURS
SHOES FOR A NEW LAND
SHOES MADE IN THE AGE OF THE CRAFTSMAN
CANADIAN FOOTWEAR IN THE AGE OF THE MACHINE
Three layers of footwear and an assembled boot
Three layers of footwear and an assembled boot
Protection for Winter

"These seal skin inner stockings, over slippers, and boots I made are used for really cold winter weather."
Olepa Karpik, Coral Harbour, Northwest Territories

She used traditional materials and techniques to make these layered seal skin kamiks in 1987. Examine the variety of seal skins and the arrangement of layers to appreciate how well these boots suit the environment.

A Variety of Seal Skins

Different types of seal skin serve to provide maximum comfort and warmth for the wearer. Soft skins like baby seal worn close to the skin is thinner and softer than the skins used to make the outer layers of the boots. On the boot, compare the shaved bearded seal skin of the sole to the furred seal skin of the upper boot.

Three Layers of Protection

Look at each layer separately to appreciate how warm the layers could be when assembled.

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