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For centuries, most Jews in Europe were subject to severe discrimination. By the 19th century Jews had achieved civic equality in many places including France, Germany and Austria. Many achieved prominence in professions such as medicine, law and finance.
In other countries such as Russia, Romania and Poland, Jews were restricted as to where they could live and what occupations they could enter. In these countries Jews were sometimes met with hostility from the local populations. more... » |
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